Chapter+2-+Literature+Review

In the previous chapter, we have explained the essentials of the current study of patriotism. To provide a clearer understanding of this study, we will thus discuss a few issues that consistently envelope the discussion of the lack of patriotism spirit among university students. The concept of patriotism is broad and inclusive. The concept of patriotism is presented as a self-evident integrity requiring no justification. We will explain the current issues that we will cover in our research. Among the issues is concern over lack of patriotism and national language.
 * __Chapter 2: Literature Review__**
 * 2.0 Literature Review **

The Constitution specified a ten-year delay after independence in changing the national language from English to Malay, Hwang (2005).The role of a language is as the tools of relationship in a society. The Malaysian societies use a lot of ways to send messages, educate, give advice, keep order and serve many more purposes. This literary form uses comparison and idiom to achieve these ends. Every quatrain expression uses interesting and beautiful words. The aspect of the language is important while the aspect of the sound is giving aesthetics expression to the creator of the Malay quatrain. The aspect of the sound is preferred as syllables especially at the final syllables for every line. This matter is not only medium or ways of the societies is expressed, also the Malays who strongly value decency, politeness, and many more virtues. But nowadays peoples (University student) prefer to use mixed language and also using short form language like SMS (short message service). This dilemma will cause a problem especially in students writing skills.
 * //2.1 Issues of Language//**

The level of patriotism among Malaysian youths was not as high as expected, Youth and Sports Minister Datuk Ismail Sabri said. Quoting the minister, Malaysia Nanban reported that the current index on patriotism among youths was only at 68.2%. He said many of them still questioned the social contract with which the country achieved its independence. There are still questioning about the Malaysia’s social contract. The social contract in Malaysia refers to the agreement made by the country's founding fathers in the Constitution. The social contract usually refers to the granting of citizenship to the non-Malay people of Malaysia, and grants the Malays special rights and privileges. The term has also been used occasionally to refer to other portions of the Constitution. These influenced the students and being racist in Universities. Some of them do not like mixing with other races and prefer to be with their own races. This should be avoided and action should be taken. Malaysian should be unite and together defense our country.
 * //2.2 Lack of Patriotism//**